Paramedic A&P Practice Exam

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• Which statement differentiates the parietal and visceral pleura?
• Which brain structure is essential for coordination and balance?
• Approximately how many sensory neurons are present in the human nervous system?
• The hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known by which term?
• Which extracellular cation is most abundant in body fluids?
• Varicella Zoster infection most commonly causes which disease in children?
• Which option lists the protective cranial layers from outermost to innermost with the given phrasing?
• Which condition is defined as insufficient respiratory rate and tidal volume?
• In the anatomical position, the heart is located in which mediastinal region?
• Which statement accurately describes Type II skeletal muscle fibers?
• Which adrenal gland layer secretes cortisol?
• The central nervous system comprises which structures?
• What is considered a normal oxygen saturation range in healthy individuals?
• Which receptor increases respiratory rate and diameter?
• Natural composition of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is approximately what percentage?
• Which lobe is primarily responsible for reasoning and voluntary motor control?
• What is the name of the junction that transmits nerve impulses from a motor neuron to a skeletal muscle fiber?
• Approximately what percentage of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin in arterial blood?
• Stroke volume is most accurately described as the amount of blood ejected per beat.
• What component of blood primarily carries oxygen to tissues?
• Which option lists the protective cranial layers from outermost to innermost as described in the material?
• What is the relationship between HIV and AIDS?
• What valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
• What is the functional unit of the kidney?
• What is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
• Which muscle is most important for quiet inspiration?
• The Bundle of His transmits impulses to the ventricles via which structures?
• The pressure in the left ventricle after diastole is called which term?
• What is a primary function of the liver relevant to digestion and metabolism?
• Which term describes spoken confirmation of a patient allowing medical care?
• What is the average adult blood volume per kilogram?
• PNS functions are primarily associated with which activity?
• During forceful inspiration, which muscle is commonly recruited?
• Which law relates wall tension, pressure, radius, and wall thickness in cylindrical vessels, and is applied to the heart?
• Which neuron type is most commonly associated with connecting signals within the CNS?
• AIDS stands for what?
• Which system is responsible for the body's 'Fight or Flight' response?
• Hepatitis A is described as which type?
• What connective tissue connects muscle to bone?
• Which region of the brain is primarily involved in voluntary motor function?
• What is the normal resting heart rate range for a healthy adult?
• Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
• Minute ventilation is defined as which of the following?
• What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) in a healthy person at sea level?
• Which term is characterized by shortness of breath (dyspnea)?
• In tissues, the phenomenon where increased CO2 and decreased pH cause Hb to release O2 is known as the Bohr effect.
• Which type of neuron comprises the largest group of neurons in the CNS by the counts provided?
• Which valves are the semilunar valves?
• Where does the respiratory zone begin in the airway tree?
• Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted by which mode?
• Alveolar ventilation is calculated as which expression?
• How is mean arterial pressure commonly approximated in basic physiology?
• What term describes depressed oxygen levels in the blood?
• Which brain region is responsible for visual and auditory processing and involuntary somatic motor responses?
• The resting membrane potential is largely determined by which ion?
• Which brain structure coordinates posture and fine movement?
• The contraction of the left ventricle required to shoot blood out of the aorta is known as which term?
• A patient presents with bradypnea but normal pulse oximetry. This pattern is suspicious for what poisoning?
• Which term refers to metabolic processes not requiring oxygen?
• Which structure forms the barrier where gas exchange occurs between alveoli and capillaries?
• Which neuron type is approximately 10 million in number?
• Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle in a single heartbeat. Which of the following values represents a typical stroke volume?
• External respiration refers to gas exchange in which location?
• The amount of air that reaches the alveoli is described by which term?
• Which term describes complete, paroxysmal occlusion of the airway?
• Which sequence correctly represents the cardiac conduction pathway starting at the SA node?
• Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys?
• Which valves prevent backflow into the ventricles during ventricular systole?
• Which equation expresses MAP as the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance?
• Which neuronal cell type corresponds to about 20 billion cells in the human nervous system?
• What environmental cleaning method is suggested for tuberculosis?
• Which term describes the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute?
• Which term describes metabolic processes not requiring oxygen?
• Which receptor mediates vasoconstriction?
• Which structure relays sensory information and controls involuntary somatic and visceral motor functions?
• How does a right shift vs left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve affect oxygen affinity?
• Hepatitis B infection is described as which?
• Hepatitis B is described as which of the following?
• What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?
• What is the typical arterial oxygen saturation target in a healthy adult?
• Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation?
• Which of the following is a function attributed to the cerebrum?
• Which valves are the atrioventricular valves?
• Which sequence correctly lists the cardiac conduction system starting from the SA node?
• What is the dense connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone?
• What is the primary purpose of the Sellick maneuver during airway management?
• What is the primary determinant of preload?
• Which statement about the parietal pleura is correct?
• Which vessels are the primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?
• The force that the heart must overcome to eject blood into the aorta is described by which term?
• Which percentage of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood bound to hemoglobin?
• The concept described by the equation BP = CO x PVR is which term?
• What is the average adult blood volume per kilogram?
• Where is the visceral pleura located?
• Minute ventilation is calculated as which of the following?
• Internal respiration occurs between which two components?
• Which term best describes the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with a single normal breath?
• Tidal volume is best defined as which of the following?
• Spoken confirmation of a patient allowing medical care is known as which term?
• The mnemonic TRY PULLING MY AORTA lists which four valves?
• What is a pathogen?
• Define mean arterial pressure (MAP) and give one common equation to calculate it.
• At which auscultation point is the mitral valve best heard?
• Which cerebral lobe is associated with olfactory, auditory processing, and memory?
• Cardiac Output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
• Which lobe of the cerebrum is associated with voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, and mood?
• What is the Bohr effect?
• Which branch of the autonomic nervous system slows heart rate and reduces conduction velocity?
• Which statement best describes the measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry?
• What percentage of carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate in red blood cells?
• Hepatitis C is described as which?
• Name the three layers of the heart wall from inside to outside.
• External respiration occurs between which two components?
• Which term denotes the cessation of effective breathing due to airway obstruction?
• Which of the following are CNS functions?
• The five hepatitis types are designated by which letters?
• Which system controls voluntary skeletal muscle?
• The force of blood against the vessel walls is defined as which term?
• Which statement best defines MAP?
• Which term describes the mechanical process of breathing due to pressure changes?
• Which type of joint permits multiaxial movement, such as shoulder rotation?
• Approximately how many people die annually from influenza?
• In the alveolar ventilation equation, the product of (tidal volume minus dead space) and respiratory rate determines which of the following?
• Which components make up the peripheral nervous system?
• Which heart-wall layer is the inner lining of the heart chambers?
• Approximately how many motor neurons are present in the human body?
• The volume of blood expelled by the left ventricle in one minute is described as which term?
• Name the two main skeletal muscle fiber types and a characteristic of each.
• Which statement correctly describes the ventral root ganglion?
• Which component of the conduction system ensures ventricular contraction by distributing impulses to the ventricles?
• Which structure relays sensory information and regulates autonomic functions?
• Which structure relays sensory information and regulates autonomic functions?
• Which receptor increases heart rate and pump force?
• Which component of the cardiac conduction system distributes impulses to the ventricles?
• What are the two main types of bone tissue?
• Which lobe is primarily associated with somatosensation?
• A deviation from the standard of care that harms the patient is called which term?
• Which term is defined as the process of breathing that includes capillary gas exchange?
• Which cerebral lobe processes sensory information from the body?
• What is the equation for cardiac output?
• Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels?
• Internal respiration refers to gas exchange in which location?
• What is the primary function of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump?
• The preload of the ventricle is primarily determined by which factor?
• Which structure marks the boundary between the upper and lower airways?
• Which description correctly locates the parietal pleura?
• Which lobe is involved with hearing and memory?
• Which description best matches the ventral root ganglion?
• Which of the following statements is true regarding carbon monoxide poisoning and pulse oximetry readings?
• Approximately what percent of the atmosphere is oxygen?
• What is the average adult resting respiratory rate?
• Which of the following is NOT categorized as a muscle of inspiration in the material?
• What is the junction where a motor neuron communicates with a skeletal muscle fiber?
• What is the correct order of the vascular hierarchy from arteries to veins?
• Which ion largely sets the resting membrane potential of neurons and muscle cells?
• Hepatitis A immunity statement as per material?
• Which term describes inadequate tissue perfusion?
• Which CNS structure primarily controls the depth and rate of breathing?
• Pulse oximetry measures what?
• Which neuron type is listed as 20 billion in the material?
• The lower airway consists of which structures?
• The cerebrum is primarily responsible for which of the following?
• Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which are part of which airway zone?
• The amount of air collected at the alveoli is described as which term?
• What is the RBC protein responsible for carrying oxygen?
• The left ventricle contracts to eject blood into which vessel?
• In the MAP approximation MAP ≈ (SBP + 2×DBP)/3, which component is weighted more heavily?
• Approximately how many people are hospitalized annually due to influenza?
• Which pancreatic hormone raises blood glucose levels?
• Which structure within the meninges is commonly associated with CSF in the provided material?
• Which structure is part of the central nervous system?
• The protective membranes from outermost to innermost are which of the following sequences?
• Which organ primarily regulates CO2 to help maintain blood pH?
• Which term describes oxygen-requiring metabolic processes in the cell?
• What is the normal breathing rate range for an infant?
• An increase in carbon dioxide generally causes what change in respiratory rate?
• BSI stands for which of the following?
• Which node initiates the electrical impulse that sets the heart rate?
• If tidal volume is 0.5 L and respiratory rate is 12 breaths per minute, what is the minute ventilation in mL/min?
• Which symptom is classically associated with mumps?
• A decrease in oxygen (hypoxia) triggers what change in respiratory rate?
• Approximately how many sensory neurons are present in the human nervous system?
• Approximately how many interneurons are there in the nervous system?
• Which structures are part of the upper airway?
• Which neuron type is primarily involved in information processing within the central nervous system?
• Which skeletal muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities?
• Which statement correctly lists the heart valves by their classification?
• MRSA infections are most commonly associated with which setting?
• Which term refers to complete, paroxysmal occlusion of the airway?
• What is the primary function of the SA node?
• Which lobe processes vision?
• Which cerebral lobe is associated with olfactory, auditory processing, and memory?
• What are the three protective membranes of the central nervous system?
• In the nephron, where is the majority of filtered water and solutes reabsorbed?
• Which valves are the atrioventricular valves?
• Assumption of consent from a patient who cannot communicate and is in distress is known as which term?
• Which system promotes Rest and Digest?
• What measure reflects kidney filtration function?
• Which term refers to the expected emergency care to be provided by an EMS professional?
• Which cerebral lobe is primarily responsible for processing sensory information?
• What is the normal breathing rate range for a child?
• What term describes the microscopic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and urine formation?
• Which lobe handles somatosensation?
• What is the average tidal volume for an adult?
• What term describes the pressure the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve and eject blood?
• HIV stands for what?
• Which term describes oxygen-requiring metabolic processes in the cell?
• What is the normal breathing rate range for an adult?
• Which of the following describes heart rate?
• In ventilation terminology, which air is considered dead space because it does not participate in gas exchange?
• Which term describes the process of breathing that constitutes capillary gas exchange?
• Which valves are semilunar valves?
• Which blood vessels offer the greatest resistance to systemic blood flow?
• Which gland's medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine?
• Which brain structure processes visual and auditory input and mediates involuntary somatic motor responses?
• Where does most gas exchange between air and blood occur?
• Which term describes the obligation to help a patient in need?
• What is the AV node's primary function?
• Meningococcal meningitis is spread by which route?
• Which tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
• Carbon monoxide has how many times greater affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen?